The challenge with all 3D resistivity surveys is the large number of data points required. The data points are required so that a high enough resolution can be retained, despite an additional dimension.

Changes in underground resistivity usually result from variations in groundwater conductivity and soil water content. The time lapse resistivity survey method observes these variations and can help operators monitor abnormal underground or structural behaviour.

This borehole-surface resistivity/IP survey took place in Victoria, Australia. A mise-a-la-masse style survey configuration was used, eight surveys were taken with one cable in the borehole and the other cable on the surface pointing toward different directions. The figure bellow only shows the r...

A surface-resistivity survey using a ZZ Universal resistivity meter and 4m electrode spacing was used to reaffirm the location of a number of underground tombs. The inversion image results matched the site investigation,except for the void between the 8th and 14th electrodes. Further investigatio...

Groundwater exploration case study 1 The first case study is sourcing from one of our clients, who use the ZZ Universal system to do underground water exploration surveys.

Unlike traditional methods, the ZZ Universal 61 channel resistivity meter shows true resistivity at a true location, so that geological features can be seen directly without further interpretation. The following profile shows smooth resistivity contours with the Russo Beds being resistive, and th...

This exploration survey used the cross-hole resistivity method to detect if there was industrial waste water leakage from an industrial waste water process pond. Chemical analyses concluded that this specific waste water has a much lower resistivity than normal water.